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JLPT N3Expressions

~きり— Only / And Never Since

Has two core meanings: (1) 'only / just' limiting to a single amount, similar to だけ, and (2) after a past-tense verb, 'since X, nothing changed / it never happened again.' The second, more distinctly N3 use expresses that an expected follow-up never came.

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Pro lessonUNIT 18 · EXPRESSIONS

Structure · 形

[Noun] + きり / [Verb た-form] + きり

Examples · 例文

  • 二人きりで話したい。

    Futari kiri de hanashitai.

    I want to talk just the two of us.

    Noun 二人 + きり = 'only the two', limiting sense

  • 彼は出かけたきり、帰ってこない。

    Kare wa dekaketa kiri, kaette konai.

    He went out and hasn't come back since.

    出かけた (past) + きり = 'since going out', with no change after

  • 祖母とは十年前に会ったきりだ。

    Sobo to wa juunen mae ni atta kiri da.

    The last time I saw my grandmother was ten years ago.

    会った (past) + きりだ = met once and never again since

Usage notes · 注意

  • Two uses: 'only/just' (like だけ) and 'since X, no change' after た-form.
  • The 'no change' sense implies an expected next step never happened.
  • っきり is a common emphatic spoken variant.

Commonly confused with

The JLPT rarely asks whether you recognise a pattern — it asks which of several similar patterns fits. These are the ones ~きり is tested against.

vs~だけ

In the limiting sense both mean 'only', but きり adds a finality/exclusivity nuance and, unlike だけ, also has the special 'since then, nothing changed' meaning after a past verb.

vs~まま

た-form + きり stresses that an expected follow-up never occurred ('went out and never returned'); た-form + まま stresses an unchanged state persisting ('left the window open').

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