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JLPT N3Modal Expressions

ざるを得ない— No Choice But To

Expresses being forced or compelled to do something against one's will — 'cannot help but do' or 'have no choice but to do'. It conveys reluctance driven by circumstances, and belongs to formal or written registers.

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Pro lessonUNIT 32 · MODAL EXPRESSIONS

Structure · 形

[Verb ない-stem] + ざるを得ない (する → せざるを得ない)

Examples · 例文

  • 台風のため、旅行を中止せざるを得ない。

    Taifuu no tame, ryokou wo chuushi sezaru o enai.

    Because of the typhoon, we have no choice but to cancel the trip.

    する verb 中止する becomes the irregular 中止せざるを得ない, showing forced cancellation.

  • 上司の命令なら、従わざるを得ない。

    Joushi no meirei nara, shitagawazaru o enai.

    If it's the boss's order, I have no choice but to obey.

    Verb ない-stem 従わ + ざるを得ない expresses reluctant compliance.

  • 証拠を見せられては、認めざるを得なかった。

    Shouko wo miserarete wa, mitomezaru o enakatta.

    Once shown the evidence, I had no choice but to admit it.

    認め + ざるを得なかった (past) shows the forced admission under the circumstances.

Usage notes · 注意

  • Formation trap: する becomes せざるを得ない, NOT しざるを得ない.
  • Register: formal, common in writing, news, and stiff speech.
  • 得ない is read えない here, not うない.

Commonly confused with

The JLPT rarely asks whether you recognise a pattern — it asks which of several similar patterns fits. These are the ones ざるを得ない is tested against.

vsなければならない

なければならない is a neutral 'must' (obligation/rule), while ざるを得ない stresses reluctant compulsion by external circumstances.

vsしかない

しかない ('no option but') is more colloquial and can follow nouns/verbs plainly; ざるを得ない is formal and attaches to the verb ない-stem.

More modal expressions

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