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JLPT N3Modal Expressions

~ほかない/~ほかはない— No Choice But To

Means 'there is no choice but to' or 'can only' — the situation leaves no other option. It expresses reluctant acceptance of the only remaining course of action. Often the fuller form 〜より(ほか)ない or 〜ほか(は)ない is used. It has a resigned, somewhat formal tone.

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Pro lessonUNIT 90 · MODAL EXPRESSIONS

Structure · 形

[Verb dictionary form] + ほかない/ほかはない (also より(ほか)ない)

Examples · 例文

  • 電車が止まったので、歩いて帰るほかない。

    Densha ga tomatta node, aruite kaeru hoka nai.

    Since the trains stopped, I have no choice but to walk home.

    歩いて帰る + ほかない = the only option left

  • 誰も手伝ってくれないなら、一人でやるほかはない。

    Dare mo tetsudatte kurenai nara, hitori de yaru hoka wa nai.

    If no one will help, I have no choice but to do it alone.

    やるほかはない expresses reluctant acceptance of the only choice

  • こうなっては、あきらめるほかない。

    Kou natte wa, akirameru hoka nai.

    Now that it's come to this, there's nothing to do but give up.

    あきらめるほかない shows resignation to the sole remaining option

Usage notes · 注意

  • Uses the verb DICTIONARY form + ほか(は)ない.
  • Nuance: reluctant, resigned acceptance of the only option.
  • Related forms: 〜よりほかない, 〜しかない (more common in speech).

Commonly confused with

The JLPT rarely asks whether you recognise a pattern — it asks which of several similar patterns fits. These are the ones ~ほかない/~ほかはない is tested against.

vs~しかない

しかない has the same 'no choice but to' meaning and is more common/casual; ほかない is slightly more formal or written.

vs~ざるを得ない

ざるを得ない ('cannot help but') stresses being forced against one's will and is more formal; ほかない emphasizes there being no other option available.

More modal expressions

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