Attributes a negative result to a cause — 'because of; due to', with a nuance of blame or complaint. The speaker holds the stated cause responsible for an undesirable outcome. It is the negative counterpart of おかげで.
[Verb・い-adj plain] + せいで / [な-adj] + な + せいで / [Noun] + の + せいで
電車が遅れたせいで、会議に遅刻した。
Densha ga okureta sei de, kaigi ni chikoku shita.
Because the train was late, I was late for the meeting.
Verb past 遅れた + せいで blames the delayed train for the bad result.
君のせいで計画が台無しだ。
Kimi no sei de keikaku ga dainashi da.
Because of you, the plan is ruined.
Noun 君 + の + せいで places blame directly on the listener.
暑いせいで、よく眠れなかった。
Atsui sei de, yoku nemurenakatta.
Because it was hot, I couldn't sleep well.
い-adj 暑い + せいで attributes the poor sleep to the heat.
• Always frames the result as negative; carries blame or complaint. • せいだ can end a sentence: 失敗は準備不足のせいだ. • For a positive result, switch to おかげで.
The JLPT rarely asks whether you recognise a pattern — it asks which of several similar patterns fits. These are the ones ~せいで is tested against.
おかげで credits a cause for a good result; せいで blames a cause for a bad result.
せいで states the cause with certainty and blame; せいか only suggests it uncertainly ('perhaps because').
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