A formal way to say 'even if ~' or, when paired, 'whether ~ or ~'. It concedes a case (or lists alternatives) and states that the main point applies regardless. にしろ and にせよ are interchangeable, with にせよ sounding slightly more literary. Common in writing and formal speech.
[Plain form] / [Noun] + にしろ/にせよ
理由が何であるにせよ、遅刻は許されない。
Riyuu ga nan de aru ni seyo, chikoku wa yurusarenai.
Whatever the reason may be, being late is not acceptable.
Concedes any possible reason; the conclusion holds regardless
行くにしろ行かないにしろ、返事だけはしなさい。
Iku ni shiro ikanai ni shiro, henji dake wa shinasai.
Whether you go or not, at least give a reply.
Paired にしろ...にしろ lists both alternatives
冗談にせよ、言っていいことと悪いことがある。
Joudan ni seyo, itte ii koto to warui koto ga aru.
Even if it's a joke, there are things you should and shouldn't say.
Noun 冗談 + にせよ concedes the 'joke' framing but still objects
• Register: formal/written; にせよ is the more literary of the two. • Paired form (AにしろBにしろ) = 'whether A or B'; single form = 'even if'. • Functionally the same as にしても but a step up in formality.
The JLPT rarely asks whether you recognise a pattern — it asks which of several similar patterns fits. These are the ones ~にしろ/~にせよ is tested against.
にしても has the identical meaning but is neutral/conversational; にしろ/にせよ is more formal and literary.
であれ (as in 何であれ) attaches directly to nouns/question words and is even stiffer; にしろ/にせよ is broader and can follow verbs and adjectives freely.
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