Vocabulary for the four seasons: 春 (spring), 夏 (summer), 秋 (autumn), 冬 (winter), and how to describe their characteristics.
[Season] は [adjective] です
日本の夏は蒸し暑いです。
Nihon no natsu wa mushiatsui desu.
Summers in Japan are hot and humid.
日本の夏 (Japan's summer) は + 蒸し暑い (hot and humid) + です
冬は寒いですが、雪がきれいです。
Fuyu wa samui desu ga, yuki ga kirei desu.
Winter is cold, but the snow is beautiful.
冬は寒いです (winter is cold) + が (but) + 雪がきれいです (the snow is beautiful)
春はあたたかくて、花がきれいです。
Haru wa atatakakute, hana ga kirei desu.
Spring is warm, and the flowers are beautiful.
春は (spring) + あたたかくて (warm, te-form linking) + 花がきれいです (the flowers are beautiful)
• Temperature words: distinguish 暑い/寒い (weather hot/cold) from 熱い/冷たい (object/liquid hot/cold). You cannot use 寒い for cold coffee — that needs 冷たい.
The JLPT rarely asks whether you recognise a pattern — it asks which of several similar patterns fits. These are the ones 季節 is tested against.
寒い describes cold air/weather or feeling cold overall (冬は寒い). 冷たい describes a cold object or liquid to the touch (冷たい水).
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