Skip to content
JLPT N4Expressions

かどうか— Whether or not

Embeds an indirect yes/no question inside a larger sentence, expressing uncertainty about whether something is or is not the case.

Grammar path · 練習

Practice this in the path

A short lesson: the pattern, its sentence anatomy, a quick quiz and a sentence to build.

Pro lessonUNIT 21 · EXPRESSIONS

Structure · 形

[Plain form] + かどうか + [verb of knowing/wondering/checking]

Examples · 例文

  • 彼が来るかどうかわかりません。

    Kare ga kuru ka dō ka wakarimasen.

    I don't know whether he's coming or not.

    来るかどうか = whether or not he comes

  • 合格したかどうか、まだ知らない。

    Gōkaku shita ka dō ka, mada shiranai.

    I don't know yet whether I passed or not.

    合格したかどうか = whether (I) passed or not

  • 明日来られるかどうか確認します。

    Ashita korareru ka dō ka kakunin shimasu.

    I'll check whether I can come tomorrow or not.

    来られるかどうか = whether able to come or not

Usage notes · 注意

  • Key Concept: かどうか = a binary yes/no question embedded in a sentence.
  • Question: か + question word = WH-question embedded: 何を食べたか知っていますか?(Do you know what she ate?).
  • Detail: use かどうか for 'whether or not';
  • Summary: use plain か after a question word for indirect WH-questions.
  • Note: with a な-adj/noun, drop だ before かどうか (元気かどうか, not 元気だかどうか).

Commonly confused with

The JLPT rarely asks whether you recognise a pattern — it asks which of several similar patterns fits. These are the ones かどうか is tested against.

vs〜か (indirect WH-question)

Use かどうか for yes/no questions ('whether or not'). Use plain か when a question word (何/誰/どこ) is present: どこに行くか知らない = 'I don't know WHERE he's going.'

vs〜かもしれない

かもしれない ends a sentence to express 'might be.' かどうか is embedded mid-sentence to package an unresolved yes/no question for another verb (know/ask/check).

More expressions

Study Japanese grammar on LenGaki

Everything on this page, ready to study

  • 7,788 JLPT vocabulary words, N5 through N1, with readings and audio (N5 free)
  • 2,057 kanji with on'yomi, kun'yomi and stroke-order practice
  • 445 grammar points with examples and commonly-confused comparisons
  • Full-length N5 and N4 mock exams, timed, with real listening audio (N5 sets 1 and 2 free)