あげる / もらう — Giving and Receiving

妹にお菓子をあげた。

Imouto ni okashi o ageta.

I gave sweets to my little sister.

妹に (to sister) + お菓子を (sweets) + あげた — direction is outward from the speaker

先生から本をもらいました。

Sensei kara hon o moraimashita.

I received a book from the teacher.

先生から (from the teacher) + 本を + もらいました — に or から can mark the giver

誕生日に母に花をあげます。

Tanjoubi ni haha ni hana o agemasu.

I'll give my mother flowers on her birthday.

母に (to my mother, receiver) + 花を (flowers) + あげます — giving outward from the speaker